There is a high prevalence of working memory impairments following acquired brain injury ( Carroll et al., 2004 Cumming et al., 2013), with executive functioning being the most frequently affected component of working memory ( Serino et al., 2006 Dunning et al., 2016). Working memory is a central cognitive function that enables short-term storage and manipulation of information in the face of concurrent processing ( Cowan, 2005 Baddeley, 2007). The speed and consistency with which this improvement occurred, indicate that there may be a residual capacity for normal information processing in the injured brain.īrain injury, working memory, suggestion, stroke rehabilitation, executive function Introduction We conclude that, if framed correctly, hypnotic suggestion can effectively improve working memory following acquired brain injury. By the end of the study, both groups reached a performance level at or above the healthy population mean with standardized mean differences between 1.55 and 2.03 relative to the passive control group. To control for participant-specific effects, the active control group was crossed over to the working memory suggestion and showed superior improvement. This was a long-term effect as revealed by no deterioration following a 6.7 week no-contact period (Bayes factors = 7.1 and 1.3 in favour of no change). Following four 1-h sessions, 27 patients had a medium-sized improvement relative to 22 active controls (Bayes factors of 342 and 37.5 on the two aggregate outcome measures) and a very large improvement relative to 19 passive controls (Bayes factor = 1.7 × 10 13). BRAIN INJURY ENDNOTE FORMATE TRIALHere we show in a randomized actively controlled trial that working memory performance can be effectively restored by suggesting to hypnotized patients that they have regained their pre-injury level of working memory functioning. Unfortunately, rehabilitation efforts for this impairment have hitherto yielded small or no effects. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.Working memory impairment is prevalent in brain injured patients across lesion aetiologies and severities. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal. BRAIN INJURY ENDNOTE FORMATE DOWNLOADThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.īibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.įind the style here: output styles overview The easiest way is to use a reference manager: Paperpile Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. BRAIN INJURY ENDNOTE FORMATE HOW TOFor a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors. This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Brain Sciences. How to format your references using the Brain Sciences citation style
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